外文文献翻译

【专家解说】：Nuclear Energy The sun and stars are seemingly inexhaustible sources of energy. That energy is the result of nuclear reactions, in which matter is converted to energy. We have been able to harness that mechanism and regularly use it to generate power. Presently, nuclear energy provides for approximately 16% of the world's electricity. Unlike the stars, the nuclear reactors that we have today work on the principle of nuclear fission. Scientists are working like madmen to make fusion reactors which have the potential of providing more energy with fewer disadvantages than fission reactors. Production Changes can occur in the structure of the nuclei of atoms. These changes are called nuclear reactions. Energy created in a nuclear reaction is called nuclear energy, or atomic energy. Nuclear energy is produced naturally and in man-made operations under human control. Naturally: Some nuclear energy is produced naturally. For example, the Sun and other stars make heat and light by nuclear reactions. Man-Made: Nuclear energy can be man-made too. Machines called nuclear reactors, parts of nuclear power plants, provide electricity for many cities. Man-made nuclear reactions also occur in the explosion of atomic and hydrogen bombs. Nuclear energy is produced in two different ways, in one, large nuclei are split to release energy. In the other method, small nuclei are combined to release energy. For a more detailed look at nuclear fission and nuclear fusion, consult the nuclear physics page. Nuclear Fission: In nuclear fission, the nuclei of atoms are split, causing energy to be released. The atomic bomb and nuclear reactors work by fission. The element uranium is the main fuel used to undergo nuclear fission to produce energy since it has many favorable properties. Uranium nuclei can be easily split by shooting neutrons at them. Also, once a uranium nucleus is split, multiple neutrons are released which are used to split other uranium nuclei. This phenomenon is known as a chain reaction. 太阳和星星似乎是取之不尽，用之不竭的能量来源。 能源是能量的核反应的结果，其中的问题是转换。 我们已经能够利用这种机制，并定期用它来发电。目前，核能提供了大约16％的电力世界。像疯子般工作的科学家们正在努力使核聚变反应堆克服可能比核裂变反应堆消耗更多的能量的缺点。 生产 变化可以发生在原子结构的细胞核。这些变化被称为核反应 。能源创造了一个被称为核反应核能 ，或原子的能量 。 核能是自然产生的和人为的控制操作下人类。 当然，有些核能是自然生成的。 例如，太阳和其他恒星的核反应，使热和光。 人为方面的成就：核能源可以人造了。 所谓机器核反应堆 ， 核电设备部件，提供电力的许多城市。 人造核反应也发生在爆炸原子弹和氢弹 。 核能是产生两种不同的方式，在一个大的原子核分裂释放能量。他们相结合，释放能量。 核裂变 ：在核裂变，原子核是原子分裂，从而导致能量得到释放。 在原子弹和核裂变反应堆的工作。 铀元素的主要燃料是用来进行核裂变产生能量，因为它有许多有利特性。铀原子核分裂可以很容易地在拍摄他们中子。 此外，一旦一个铀原子核分裂，多中子被释放它们用于其他铀原子核分裂。这种现象被称为连锁反应 。