“风可进,雨可进,国王不可进”的原文和出处是？

【专家解说】：“风可进，雨可进，国王不可进”。(注：这是18世纪中叶英国首相老威廉·皮特 在一次演讲中的形容：“即使是最穷的人，在他的寒舍里也敢于对抗国王的权威。风可 以吹进这所房子，雨可以打进这所房子，房子甚至会在风雨中飘摇，但是英王不能踏进 这所房子，他的千军万马也不敢跨入这间门槛已经破损了的破房子。”见Oxford English Dictionary of Quotations,1966;亦见also,Tibor R.Machan:Individual and Their Rights,La Salle:Open Court,1989,Chapter V.) “风能进，雨能进，国王不能进。”这是一句被广为引用的名言。它出自英国的一位首相威廉·皮特。皮特用它来形容财产权对穷苦人的重要性和神圣性。原文是这样的： 　　“即使是最穷的人，在他的小屋里也敢于对抗国王的权威。屋子可能很破旧，屋顶可能摇摇欲坠；风可以吹进这所房子，雨可以打进这所房子，但是国王不能踏进这所房子，他的千军万马也不敢跨过这间破房子的门槛。” 　　“风能进，雨能进，国王不能进”道出了一个基本常识，那就是公权力和私权力有明确的的界限，必须恪守“井水不犯河水”的原则。当然，不是说公权力不能进入私领域。公权力进入私领域有一个原则，那就是“非请莫入”。私人事务没有请求公权力救济，政府不能介入。在国家和社会之间有着严格的分界线。当事人行使了请求权后，公权力才能进入私领域。 　　其实，国家和社会两分是人类社会进化的必然结果。在我国古代，皇权不出县，县以下基本实行自治。所谓“天高皇帝远”就是讲的这个意思。皇权治理和宗法治理有不同的管辖范围。就是在西方，世俗的国家政权与宗教社会的教权也是截然两分的。恺撒大帝曾经说过“把上帝的事情交给上帝，把恺撒的事情交给恺撒”这样的豪言壮语！可是，我们到了近代，随着科技的发展，行政层级的扩大，公权力对社会的控制几乎无孔不入。我们的父辈，连和哪个人结婚都要经过组织审查，甚至要在他们的“灵魂深处闹革命”，结果，严重阻碍了生产力的发展。改革开放以来，我国在许多领域简政放权，各种行业自治组织纷纷成立，民间团体如雨后春笋般勃兴，基层自治范围不断扩大。如今，无限政府变成了有限政府，公权力回到了应有的调整的范围，正在孕育出成熟的市民社会。这是一种可喜的进步。 　　对于国家公权力如何进入社会，历来有几种不同的看法。一种是放任进入。其结果是导致极权专制，最终：什么都想管必然什么都管不好。一种是拒绝进入。其结果是导致无政府主义，最终：社会动荡，秩序无存。一种是有限进入。根据法律规定国家公权力要么主动进入社会（须有法律明确授权），要么被动进入社会（根据当事人的申请）。事实证明，国家公权力有限进入社会是最恰当的。只要人类不能回避国家公权力这个必要的恶，那国家公权力有限进入社会就是不可避免的。 附英文原文：Many people think that the say "a man's home is his castle," means that the man has a right to do anything, even if it is illegal, inside his home. The phrase originated as "an Englishman's home is his castle" or "an Englishman's house is his castle." This is because it was popular in the United Kingdom before it ever came to the United States. The question left is were men ever given the right as a king in their own houses? While it seems that's what the phrase is saying, it actually means that nobody can enter a home owner's house without permission. This law was established in 1628 when Sir Edward Coke wrote The Institutes of the Laws of England . He included the line, "For a man's house is his castle, et domus sua cuique est tutissimum refugium [and each man's home is his safest refuge]." This was used in many publications through the 1700s. Men became confused with the meaning, thinking that it meant they had authority to do whatever they pleased in their houses. The law was clarified in 1763 by William Pitt, the first Earl of Chatham, also known as Pitt the Elder. He wrote, "The poorest man may in his cottage bid defiance to all the forces of the crown. It may be frail - its roof may shake - the wind may blow through it - the storm may enter - the rain may enter - but the King of England cannot enter." This established that nobody could enter a home without permission from the home's owner. However, it did not mean that a man could do anything he pleased inside his own home. This was not a pleasing result for Tony Martin, who was accused of murder because a 16-year-old had broken into his Norfolk, UK home, and he shot and murdered the teen. The phrase is also not popular by now because of the feminist movement. They cry out, "What about women?" or in the United Kingdom, "What about Englishwomen?" It is probably a good thing that this phrase originated in English law from the 17 th century, as people can say it is from an old law and is no longer the complete truth.